PARAMETER

FREQUENCY

LOCATION

METHOD

LOCAL MEASUREMENTS

Land Based Weather Observations

Air Temperature

Relative Humidity

Wind Speed

Precipitation

Solar Radiation

Wind Direction

Soil Temperature

Air Temperature

Precipitation

Precipitation Chemistry

Other Weather Data

10 min as well as hourly and daily statistics, half-hourly averages  for Solar Radiation, 5 min for rain gauge during rain events

Daily max, min, avg

Daily total

Weekly

Daily

Woodruff Airport

Madison NWS

Trout Lake NADP site

Minocqua Dam NWS

Campbell HMP 35c probe

3-cup anemometer

Tipping Bucket Gauge

Eppley Pyranometer (long and short wave)

LiCor (short wave and PAR)

Electronic wind vane

Thermistor probes

Collected and maintained by NADP program

Weather Service Weather Stations

Physical Limnology

Water Temperature*

Vertical Light Attenuation

Secchi Disk Depth*

Dissolved Oxygen*

Ice Thickness*

Snow Depth on Lake*

Color

Ice Duration*

Every two weeks during ice-free season

Every six weeks during ice-covered season

Quarterly

Annually

Deepest part of lake; 0.25 m  to 1 m depth intervals depending on lake

200-800nm absorbance scans

NTL lakes

YSI 58/550A, Campbell Dataloggers, LiCor Cosine Quantum Sensors

Meter Stick

Kontron Spectrophotometer

Instrumented Buoys

Water Temperature*

Dissolved Oxygen*

Chlorophyll^‡, Phycocyanin^‡

Air Temperature

Relative Humidity

Wind Speed and Direction*

Precipitation

PAR

Derived Evaporation Data

Current Profiles*

10 min or less as well as hourly and daily statistics

Project specific

Temp profile is lake specific

Selected study lakes

Custom designed buoys using various sensors

in a Wireless Network

Chemical Limnology

Total Nitrogen*

Total Dissolved Nitrogen*

Nitrate*, Ammonium-N*

Total Phosphorus*

Total Dissolved Phosphorus*

Dissolved Reactive Phosphorus^‡

Dissolved Reactive Silica*

Field pH*

Air Equilibrated pH*

Total Inorganic Carbon*

Dissolved Inorganic Carbon*

Total Organic Carbon*

Dissolved Organic Carbon*

Total Particulate Matter

Chloride*, Sulfate*,

Calcium*, Magnesium*, Sodium*, Potassium*, Iron*,

Manganese*

Specific Conductance

Total Alkalinity*

Every four weeks during ice-free season

Every six weeks during ice-covered season

Quarterly at spring and fall mixis, summer and winter stratification

Deepest part of lake; top and bottom of epilimnion, midthermocline and top, middle, and bottom of hypolimnion

Samples collected with peristaltic pump and in-line filtration.

N by K₂S₂O₈ digestion; N and NO₃-N by copper cadmium reduction and diazo complex; NH₄-N by phenate method; P by K₂S₂O₈ digestion and phospho-molybdate complex; Si by silica-molybdate complex; pH with meter; Alkalinity by Gran Titration; C by combustion catalytic oxidation;

Anions by ion chromatography; Cations by inductively-coupled plasma emission spectroscopy

Biological Limnology

Chlorophyll a*

Primary Production

Sedimentation Rate

Macrophyte Distribution and Biomass*

Zooplankton Biomass*

Crayfish Abundance

Other Benthic Invertebrates

Fish*

Same as Physical Limnology

Annually in August in Trout Lake and in summer in YLD

Same as Physical Limnology

Annually in July and August

Annually in August and September

Annually in July and August

Deep part of lake;  Chl at 2- discrete depths; Prod by thermal strata for euphotic zone

Selected shoreline locations

Deep part of lake; 2-9 depths per lake

Selected shoreline locations

Deep part of lake and selected shoreline locations

Deep part of lake and selected shoreline locations

Chl by spectroscopy;

Prod by C14 incubation and analysis of diurnal oxygen and pCO₂; sediment traps

Permanent line transects

2 meter long Schindler-Patalas trap; Wisconsin net

Cylindrical traps baited with beef liver

Conical net for Mysis and Chaorborus; "Dendy" samplers

Vertical gill nets; Fyke nets; Trammel nets; Seines; Electrofishing; Acoustic Transects

Hydrologic and Terrestrial

Groundwater:

Water Level

Water Chemistry

same as Chemical Limnology, except no total particulate matter

Monthly

Annually in autumn

Selected wells near study lakes

Tape and popper 

chemistry same as lake samples

Human Activity

       Land Use / Cover*

       Northern Wisconsin Lake Resident Survey

1930s, 1960s, 1990s

2005

Within 100m of NHLD lakes, YLD watersheds

Households on Vilas Co. lakes

Aerial photo interpretation

Attitudes, activities, demographics

Spatial Data

       Terra MODIS Imagery*

Daily since 2001

Wisconsin

(250 – 1000m resolution)

Data processed by UW-Madison Space Science & Engineering Center